日常生活や学問に関して投稿しています
このブログでは,日常生活のこととか,物理学や数学まわりの話題などを中心にして,投稿しております.
このブログでは,日常生活のこととか,物理学や数学まわりの話題などを中心にして,投稿しております.
Dear Collegue!
Dear Colleague,
The TNT2011 edition
(November 21-25, 2011) will take place in Canary Islands (Spain). - http://www.tntconf.org/2011/
The Call for papers
is currently open - http://www.tntconf.org/2011/
The TNT2011
Organisation (in collaboration with several Institutions) will also provide
awards to the best posters presented by students (Updated information about
these awards will be published regularly): http://www.tntconf.org/2011/
TNT2011
Deadlines:
Abstract Submission (Oral Request): October
10, 2011
Student Grant (Travel bursary) Request: October 10, 2011
Author
Submission Acceptance Notification: October 17, 2011
Student Grant
Notification: October 17, 2011
Early Bird Registration Fee: October 31,
2011
Post-Deadline Abstract Submission (Poster only): November 14,
2011
Abstract
submission: http://www.tntconf.org/2011/
Online
registration: http://www.tntconf.org/2011/
TNT2011 specific sessions:
Nanobiotech-bioinspired:
organised in collaboration with TRAIN2 project
Nanobiotechnology:
organised in collaboration with IBEC-UB (Spain)
Graphene
& Nanotubes: organised in collaboration with nanoICT
project
Risks &
Regulations: organised in collaboration with NanoCode
project
Soft matter:
organised in collaboration with FRIMAT (Switzerland)
Nanomagnetism:
organised in collaboration with CIC nanoGUNE (Spain)
Press-release: http://www.phantomsnet.net/
If you need any
further information, please let us know.
Regards /
Antonio
CONFIRMED KEYNOTES
(21):
Masakazu Aono (MANA / NIMS,
Japan)
Andreas Berger (nanoGUNE, Spain)
Victoria Birkedal (Aarhus
University, Denmark)
Remi Carminati (ESPCI, France)
Leo Gross (IBM
Research, Switzerland)
Uwe Hartmann (Saarland University,
Germany)
Tsuyoshi Hasegawa (NIMS, Japan)
Rainer Hillenbrand (nanoGUNE,
Spain)
Uzi Landman (Georgia Tech, USA)
Peter A. Lieberzeit (University of
Vienna, Austria)
Stéphane Mangin (Institut Jean Lamour - CNRS,
France)
Jean-Louis Mergny (Université Bordeaux Segalen, France)
Pablo
Ordejon (CIN2 / CSIC-ICN, Spain)
Stephan Roche (ICN/CIN2, Spain)
Shintaro
Sato (AIST, Japan)
Thomas Schrefl (Vienna University of Technology,
Austria)
Peter Schurtenberger (Lund University, Sweden)
Friedrich C.
Simmel (Technische Universität München, Germany)
Ana Stradner (University of
Fribourg, Switzerland)
Hideaki Takayanagi (Tokyo Univer. of Science / MANA,
Japan)
Kohei Uosaki (NIMS/ MANA, Japan)
New
Phantoms Foundation headquarters address & Phone
number
Dr.
Antonio Correia
Phantoms Foundation
Calle Alfonso Gomez 17 / Planta 2 -
Loft 16
28037 Madrid (Spain)
Tel: +34 911402144
E-mail:
antonio@phantomsnet.net
Phantoms
Foundation: www.phantomsnet.net
NanoSpain
Network: www.nanospain.org
nanoICT
Coordination Action: www.nanoict.org
nanoMAGMA
project: www.nanomagma.org
Graphene
Flagship: www.graphene-flagship.eu
ImagineNano:
www.imaginenano.com
TNT2011
International
Conference: www.tntconf.org/2011/index.
Graphene2012: www.graphene2012.com
Dear Sir,
This is an invitation for original articles or review
articles from you/your group for publication in
CURRENT TRENDS IN POLYMER SCIENCE.
The journal is made available in multiple media formats
including print, web and other electronic database
formats. Articles on all aspects of polymer research
are welcome for publication. The publication cycle
is maintained on a rapid publication time-line.
Original communication/short communication/review/
mini-review proposals may be submitted by email to
editor@researchtrends.net or by regular mail to:
The Editor,
Research Trends,
T. C. 17/250 (3), Chadiyara Road,
Poojapura, Trivandrum - 695 012,
India.
The proposal should contain the following information:
· A tentative title of the article
· A short abstract
· Nature of the article (original or review)
· The expected date of submission of the article
A volume of "Current Trends in Polymer Science" is
scheduled to come out by the end of 2011.
Article Submission Guidelines, full Journals
Catalogue and other downloadable forms are available
at the weblink:
http://www.researchtrends.net/
Looking forward to hearing from you,
Ninu Joseph
Editorial Executive
-------------------
Web support: http://www.researchtrends.net
Journal home page - Current Trends in Polymer Science:
http://www.researchtrends.net/
第2回計算統計物理学研究会のご案内
本年度は口頭講演に以下のテーマをトピックスに設定しております
「計算物質科学研究センター第1回シンポジウムのご案内」
今年6月にスーパーコンピュータTOP500で世界第1位となっ
Dear Readers,
We are happy to present the first five papers that are published in our new, open access journal, Physical Review X. These papers, together with others that are to be published in the coming weeks into September, will constitute the first issue of the journal. Under PRX's open access publishing model, they are free for you to read and use.
We are very encouraged by the breadth of their topical spread. It ranges from the well-established field of atomic, molecular and optical physics to the still relatively new, broad and very active field that explores magnetism or spins at microscopic level. It also extends into the interdisciplinary area: In the paper by Belik et al., statistical physics is applied to understand epidemic spreading; and in another by Benmore and Weber, experimental techniques such as acoustic levitation and x-ray scattering are used to obtain and characterize normally hard-to-make amorphous forms of pharmaceutical drugs. We are also pleased by the high scientific quality and potential significance of these contributions. Equally heartening to us during the past few months has been the interest and support that numerous researchers have shown our new journal in terms of their submissions, their refereeing efforts and their expressions of good will. We thank them most sincerely.
The five papers are too small a sample to be a basis for making a generalization about the future of Physical Review X. But they reflect APS's commitment to making Physical Review X a journal of scientific breadth and excellence. We are confident that, with the continuing and more focused effort of the editors and the Editorial Board to attract and select outstanding papers and with an increasing support of the physics community, Physical Review X can only grow stronger.
We and the Editorial Board invite you to submit some of your best works to Physical Review X.
Best wishes.
Jorge Pullin, Editor
Ling Miao, Associate Editor
Planning containment strategies for emergent epidemics, as epitomized by the recent H1N1 pandemic, requires efficient forecasts with answers to three basic questions: How many people will be infected, where, and when? To answer the last two questions requires the knowledge of the effective speed of a spreading epidemic. Physical models can relate that speed to key parameters of the underlying processes. A class of frequently used models are the so-called reaction-diffusion models, where “reaction” refers to infection and where the motion of people is assumed to be “diffusion—a type of random motion.” These models typically predict that the speed increases with the magnitude of the diffusion. Human mobility, however, is strikingly different from the assumed diffusion. This fact challenges predictions of these models and puts their universal features into question.
The main approach described in this paper replaces the diffusion model by a more realistic one for human mobility patterns. In the new model, individuals have their own home bases and typically frequent only a limited number of places from those bases—a very different mobility pattern from diffusion. This more realistic description leads to a number of predictions fundamentally different from those of the reaction-diffusion models: One, there is an upper bound on the speed of a spreading epidemic no matter of how high the overall mobility in the system of moving/residing individuals is. This means that the reaction-diffusion models may overestimate the spreading speed considerably. Two, there exists a new type of outbreak threshold in how frequently individuals travel between different places. Both of these effects show up robustly even when the specifics are varied about how different places or populations are connected. These insights are not only important for the development of containment strategies, but also lay the foundation for improved computational models designed to forecast future epidemics. And, beyond human epidemiology, the work should also find potential applications in a wide range of scientific problems in human or animal ecology, population dynamics, and evolution.
When a simple diatomic molecule such as nitrogen and oxygen is exposed to a strong laser whose electromagnetic fields are linearly polarized, its axis tends to line up in the direction of the electric field of the laser. In this sense, each molecule can be thought of as a quantum rotor that experiences a torque from the aligning laser field. This paper presents a theoretical proposal for creating a “molecular stopwatch” by exploiting this general principle. The essential idea is that if a laser with a rotating, but linearly polarized electric field can be generated, then a quantum-rotor molecule exposed to such a laser will also rotate, as its axis will be pulled along by the rotating electric field. Specifically in the proposal, two circularly polarized, counter-rotating laser pulses with different frequencies, but with the same direction of propagation, are used to generate a composite rotating field. The speed of the field’s rotation can actually be controlled by the frequency difference between the two laser pulses.
It turns out that more intricate control and manipulations of quantum rotors are possible. If the two generating laser pulses are turned on in a particularly controlled way, quantum-rotor molecules that all start out in their zero-field, “zero-rotation” ground state get into a state of rapid rotation through an exercise of quantum gymnastics called “rapid adiabatic passage.” They spin around their centers, with their axes almost completely confined in the plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the lasers—like the “hands of stopwatches.” But, the molecular axes “wobble” a bit out of the plane, and the extent of the “wobbling” in different directions—spoken of in the sense of quantum averages—defines the shape of the hands. By adjusting the laser parameters, the shape can be made narrow or broad, or even to split.
The rotating “molecular stopwatch” is an example of the richness of quantum interactions between molecules and laser fields. It can also be used to probe the properties of molecules under external influences, such as the collision or absorption of short x-ray pulses, or molecular dissociation caused by intense laser pulses.
A nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is a defect consisting of a nitrogen atom substituting a carbon atom and an adjacent vacant site where the carbon atom is missing. The electronic spin localized at such a nitrogen-vacancy center has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for a qubit in solid-state quantum systems in quantum memory and processing. Coherent control of single electronic spins of nitrogen-vacancy centers is therefore a crucial step in exploiting the spins as qubits. In this paper, we report coherent control of a single spin in a nitrogen-vacancy center by way of an experimental realization of the general concept of the well-known Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interferometry.
The Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interferometry refers to a completely quantum phenomenon that occurs when a system of two separate energy levels, State “0” and State “1,” say, is driven by an external time-dependent field. When the field strength is adjusted over time, for example, turned up to begin with, and then turned down, the system starting out from State 0 splits at some point into a superposition of State 0 and State 1, similar to how an optical beam is split into two beams at a beam splitter. Further downsweep of the field followed by a return upsweep gives the two split states different phases—or in the analogy of “beams,” different lengths of propagation—so that at another special point of time or field strength the two states are brought to interfere, as the split beams do when they are brought together again.
In the particular context of control of a single electronic spin in a nitrogen-vacancy center, State 0 and State 1 are associated with two states of the spin and the energy gap between them is generated by a microwave field. A slowly varying AC field acts as the time-dependent driving field. And the interference shows up as an oscillatory pattern of the probability of the spin to stay in State 0, measured by recording the photoluminescence emitted from the spin system through 105 experimental runs. The degree of the splitting and the interference pattern can be controlled by controlling a number of parameters in the experiment, for example, the frequency of the microwave field. This means that the probability of State 0 becoming State 1 and the probability of retrieving State 0 in the end can all be controlled at will.
Making fast acting drugs is a goal of almost every pharmaceutical company. The route of delivering them in the forms of amorphous solids has long been recognized as a possible way to enhance dissolution rates, increase solubility, and bioavailability. The development in this direction is becoming increasingly important due to the emergence of many new drugs that are virtually insoluble in their crystalline forms. In this experimental paper we exploit the technique of acoustic levitation of liquid droplets and present two new methods for forming amorphous solids from molecular liquids and solutions of a wide range of pharmaceutical drugs of varying chemical structures and different functions. One method combines acoustic levitation with solvent evaporation and produces amorphous gels of the drugs; the other integrates laser-heating induced melting and subsequent cooling with acoustic levitation and turns drugs that are usually obtained in crystalline, functionally less effective forms to more desirable amorphous forms (a process also known as vitrification in materials science and engineering). Proof-of-principle applications of the two containerless methods are demonstrated with in-situ characterizations of the samples by use of high-energy x-ray diffraction at the Advanced Photon Source.
We anticipate that such containerless processing methods, combined with sophisticated, high-throughput droplet-forming or dispensing methods, may provide practical routes for scaled-up productions of amorphous drugs.
It is well known that south and north magnetic poles of a small magnet can interchange due to thermal noise. This effect is called superparamagnetism and is a phenomenon of classical (as opposed to quantum) physics. In the quantum world, magnets of smallest sizes, for example, magnetic molecules or nanomagnets, show superparamagnetism of a different origin: Their magnetic poles would interchange periodically as the result of quantum tunneling, even when the temperature is at absolute zero. In this theoretical paper we study what happens to a quantum magnet, in particular, to its magnetic poles, when it is placed in an external magnetic field and on a quantum nanocantilever that rotates in an oscillatory fashion about an axis aligned parallel to the magnetic field. The magnetism of the quantum magnet comes from aligned spins of the electrons in it, and the resulting total spin behaves as a quantum rotator in the aligning magnetic field. The composite system acts therefore like two quantum gyroscopes coupled together: one being the mechanical rotational oscillator that carries the nanomagnet and the other being the total spin of the nanomagnet.
The fundamental description of such a quantum system is a Schrödinger equation tailored for it. Solving the Schrödinger equation leads us to a lot of insights, not least into how the flipping of the magnet’s poles (or its total spin) is influenced by the size and the frequency of rotation of the mechanical oscillator. It turns out that only when the mechanical rotational oscillator is sufficiently heavy does the nanomagnet display superparamagnetism. In other words, when the rotational oscillator is light, magnetic-pole flipping becomes frozen. Moreover, and interestingly, if the rotational frequency is matched in a particular way with the difference in the energies of the north-pole-north, south-pole-south and the north-pole-south, south-pole-north states, the magnetic-pole flipping is predicted to appear together with a splitting of a certain mechanical mode of the rotational oscillator. The splitting can be detected experimentally.
This theoretical work should add fuel to the currently active research on molecular quantum spintronics.
Dear Sir:
We invite you to submit a paper/abstract to The International Conference
on Design and Modeling in Science, Education, and Technology: DeMset
2011 (www.2011conferences.org/
国際会議 ISSS-6 アブストラクト締切り延長のお知らせ
International Symposium on Surface Science
- Towards Nano-, Bio-, and Green Innovation -
December 11-15, 2011
Tower Hall Funabori, Funabori, Tokyo, Japan
社団法人日本表面科学会主催の国際学会ISSS-6では、
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